The technology of using a green screen has been around since the 19th century. Entertainment and Hollywood have become legendary for using this art of illusion. The name green screen was adopted simply because there’s a large green screen on the set. The color green was chosen as one of the least colors worn by personalities or images used for display. The technique uses layer of images. The background layer is the transparent green screen. The foreground is the final displayed image. The screen is placed behind the image to be displayed. Studio green backdrops are used to completely surround the object to creating a floating effect. Green screens were originally blue when chroma keying was first used in 1940 by Larry Butler on The Thief of Baghdad – which won him the Academy Award for special effects.

Here are some examples of what can be accomplished using a green screen:

• Make it appear as if two actors are sharing the screen when in reality their action was filmed separately and later combined using chroma key. 
• Enlarge or shrink a character relative to their background. 
• Move characters to animated or computer-generated backdrops. 
• Make actors appear to fly in superhero film. 
• Transport characters back through time, or into difficult-to-film environments like outer space. 
• Place actors into seemingly life-threatening situations like a pit of snakes or a balanced on the lightning rod of a skyscraper.

Green screens do also have there disadvantages, here is list of pros and cons;

Pros

• It allows for exciting and otherwise-impossible scenes to be produced, expanding filmmaking possibilities and language.
• It can protect actors by keeping them in the studio and away from the dangerous environments depicted using green screen technology.
• It can allow actors to appear on screen together even if they film the scene separately. This helps when scheduling is a concern.

Cons

• If the lighting is not perfectly balanced, the technique appears artificial and off-putting for audiences.
• Despite being cheaper than the real world alternatives, the process is nonetheless expensive, time-consuming, and cumbersome and thus not ideally suited for a low-budget or independent film.
• If the foreground footage contains any bit of the background color, it will be replaced during the keying process.

Mise-en-scène is an expression used to describe the design aspect of a theatre or film production, which essentially means “visual theme” or “telling a story” The arrangement of everything that appears in the frame (actors, lighting, set design, props, costume) is called ‘mise-en-scène’.

Mise-en-scène Includes:

• Studio / set design
• Props
• Costume, hair & makeup
• Lighting and colour design
• Proxemics (space between characters & props

The study of mise en scene often involves pausing a media product and analysing how the elements of the frame combine to create meaning for the audience. The idea originally of studying mise en scene was to able to identify and discuss certain auters, or accomplished and artistic filmmakers, based soley on how they specifically used these elements in a recognisable way.

Four aspects of mise-en-scene which overlap the physical art of the theatre are setting, costume, lighting and movement of figures. Control of these elements provides directors an opportunity to stage events.

Ultimately, a film’s mise-en-scène achieves not only the ability to express to an audience the mood, drama, and likely events of a scene or sequence, but its affecting intensity, its mode of feeling, and to invite the viewer to feel deeply too.

Special effects are illusions or visual tricks used in the theatre, film, television, video game and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual world. Special effects are traditionally divided into the categories of mechanical effects and optical effects.

Mechanical Effects

Mechanical Effects (also called Practical or Physical Effects), are usually accomplished during the live-action shooting. This includes the use of mechanized props, scenery and scale models. Making a car appear to drive by itself, or blowing up a building are examples of Mechanical Effects. Mechanical Effects are often incorporated into set design and makeup. For example, a set may be built with break-away doors or walls, or prosthetic makeup can be used to make an actor look like a monster.

Optical Effects

Optical effects (also called photographic effects) are techniques in which images or film frames are created photographically, either “in-camera” using multiple exposure, mattes or the Schüfftan process or in post-production using an optical printer.

On its most fundamental level, film editing is the art, technique and practice of assembling shots into a coherent sequence. The job of an editor is not simply to mechanically put pieces of a film together, cut off film slates or edit dialogue scenes.

A good editor will cohesively tie all of the parts together, keeping a close eye on the minimal details while never losing sight of the greater picture. Also, good editing is something you notice by its lack more than by its presence. Good editing can help a movie move at a good pace suiting the story and establishing a proper engagement with its audiences. When scenes are edited well emotions, tensions and mystery can be colligated in the right shot. Good editing can turn a sad scene into a high-voltage drama showing the emotions in full light.

Video editing is important because it is the key to blending images and sounds to make us feel emotionally connected and sometimes truly there in the film we’re watching. It’s a safe assumption to say that video editing is among the most important jobs in the film industry.

My Tiger And I is a short film that shows great use of editing, which won them the reward of best editing at GMC film festival.

Voice-overs are one of the most divisived tools in all of the screenwriting industry. When it works, we get a clear picture of a character’s inner thoughts or a narrator’s version of the story. When it doesn’t, the story drags and can be confusing.

A voice-over is the non-diegetic use of a character or omnipresent narrator talking over the visuals of a film or television show. This voice-over can be existential, or it can be directly related to what’s happening on the screen. No matter which voice-over you use, you have to make sure it carries the story and doesn’t over-explain what we’ve already seen. 

Here are a few perfect examples of a good use of voice-overs:

Pacing is the timing of cuts, also called as rhythm or tempo. As the word suggests about the pace of the film will be. Fast-paced movies will have quick rapid and fast cuts in a short amount of time, whereas a slow-paced film is more likely to have longer scenes, with not a lot of cuts. There are multiple reasons why you’d want to have a fast-paced scene or why you’d want to have a slow-paced scene, but that mainly depends on the subject material that can be seen in that scene.

Slow pace:

Slow cinema is a genre of art cinema film-making that emphasizes long takes, and is often minimalist, observational, and with little or no narrative. It is sometimes called “contemplative cinema”. Slow-paced films allow you to observe the nuances of the character or the setting, meditate on the story as it is unfolding, or sustain anticipation and tension for a long stretch of time. If done poorly, slow-paced films are boring; but if done well, they are fascinating.

Some examples of slow paced films are:

• To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)
• Citizen Kane (1941)
• Almost Famous (2000)
• Audition (1999)

Fast pace:

Fast-paced movies will have quick rapid and fast cuts in a short amount of time, whereas a slow-paced film is more likely to have longer scenes, with not a lot of cuts.

Cross-media convergence is a vital process in the marketing of media product because it can help to attract people of other media into a films target audience that may otherwise not given it a second’s thought. A reason why cross-media convergence is so important when marketing a media product is it can help increase people’s interest in the film.

Cross media convergence is made possible thanks to the advancement in technological development and convergence. Technological convergence is how technology allows media texts to be produced and distributed on multiple media platforms and devices.